Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It’s typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—to build up on the teeth and harden.

Common signs include red, swollen, or tender gums, bleeding gums during and after tooth brushing, persistent bad breath, receding gums, loose teeth, and changes in the position or bite of the teeth.

Yes, research suggests that gum disease can contribute to other health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

The main cause of gum disease is plaque, but other factors can contribute, including smoking, genetic susceptibility, poor nutrition, stress, and certain medications that reduce saliva flow.

Treatment varies depending on the stage of disease and may include deep cleaning (scaling and root planing), medications, and, in more severe cases, surgery.

This is a deep-cleaning method done under local anaesthetic, where plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line are scraped away (scaling) and rough spots on the tooth root are made smooth (planing).

Good oral hygiene is essential. Brush your teeth twice a day, floss daily, eat a balanced diet, and schedule regular dental check-ups and cleanings.

Use a soft-bristled brush to gently brush your teeth on all sides with a fluoride-containing toothpaste. Replace your toothbrush every three to four months.

Yes, children can develop gum disease or gingivitis, which is why good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are important from an early age.

Surgical treatments may include flap surgery/pocket reduction surgery, bone grafts, soft tissue grafts, and guided tissue regeneration, depending on the severity of the periodontal disease.